Nephrotic Syndrome

What is Nephrotic Syndrome ?
Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder in which high levels of protein are released into the urine because the kidney’s filtering mechanisms, called the glomeruli, are damaged. This protein loss leaves low levels of protein in the bloodstream, and causes the body to retain too much water and salt. Also called nephrosis.

Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome can be caused any disease that causes inflammation of the glomeruli. These types of diseases are called glomerulopathies. Minimal change disease (MCD) is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children, and is usually mild. In other cases, the cause appears to be a malfunction of the immune system, which could result from a virus or autoimmune disorder such as systemic lupus erythematosus.

Other causes of nephrotic syndrome include certain cancers, diabetes, allergic reactions to insect bites or poisonous plants.

Symptoms of Nephrotic Syndrome
The first noticeable symptom of nephrotic syndrome is usually a foamy or frothy appearance to the urine. Other symptoms that become more severe as the illness progresses include general weakness, loss of appetite, fatigue, and swelling, especially around the eyes, abdomen, ankles, hands, and feet. The excess fluid can also enter the space around the lungs, causing shortness of breath.

Diagnosis of Nephrotic
To diagnose nephrotic syndrome, your doctor will study your medical history and symptoms, and perform a complete physical examination. Your doctor will check a urine sample for high levels of protein and potassium, and low levels of sodium. A blood test will reveal low levels of a protein called albumin and high cholesterol levels. Some patients may have a low red blood cell count, called anemia. Your doctor will also take a small sample of kidney tissue, called a biopsy.


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