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Arterial Embolism

Introduction
When some particles flow in the blood stream along with the blood and time comes when this obstacle causes obstruction of blood flow in the artery then this phenomenon is known as embolism. That foreign body can be a mass of tissues or some gas etc, the embolus is responsible for clotting of blood in the artery. These embolus move from their point of origin with the flow of blood and then they just move on to a new location. These obstacles which cause clotting are also called arterial plaques. A normal clotting formed in an artery is called thrombosis but if a part of that clot or the whole of the clot moves away from the place of origin, it is termed as embolism. There can be different causes of embolism but there affects are almost the same. When the clot is formed in the middle of the blood passage, the tissue behind the clot suffers from less supply of blood and it may suffer or even the cell may die without proper supply of blood. In this way it can cause death of cells.

Alternative Names
Alternative name for arterial embolism is arterial plaque.

Causes
The causes are different from time to time. The causes can be an injury in the blood vessel which may result in blood clotting or embolism can be due to some gas or air bubble in the artery or it may be due to some tumor. These emboli can have an effect on almost any part of the body. The blockage caused by the emboli can result in ischemia of the cell because the cell has been deprived of the oxygen and blood. As a result the whole of the tissue suffers from lack of oxygen which may later result in death of the tissue or other serious problems. One of the other causes of embolism is the age. With the passage of time the walls of the artery becomes more favorable for cholesterol building and deposits. And then these deposits may break away and form clotting in other parts of the blood vessels. The most common sites of these clotting are the legs and the feet. The heart attack can be another cause of the blood clotting in the heart which may breakaway later to form emboli in the blood vessels. Other causes can be the air bubbles which may enter the blood through injections or the entrance of the cancer cells in the blood stream can be the cause of the arterial embolism. The embolism can cause severe damage in heart and brain.

Risk Factors
  • People who already have had a heart attack.
  • Aged people.
  • People with high cholesterol level.


Symptoms & Signs
  • Muscle pain can be felt in legs, knees and feet.
  • The effected area may also experience numbness and tingling.
  • The skin color may appear pale or bluish.
  • If the extremities are affected, the pulse may be absent there.
  • The muscles may lose their activity.
  • Weakness.
  • The effected area is cold.
The later symptoms include:
  • Necrosis
  • Skin erosions
  • Blisters
  • Heart attack


Diagnosis
For the diagnosis of the arterial embolism ECG plays an important role. The ECG (electro cardiogram) can show the exact condition of the heart and extremities and their relationship can also be detected. Other tests like non invasive vascular test or angiography is also helpful to diagnose the embolism. Ultrasound and duplex doppler is also used to diagnose the disease.

Prevention
The prevention against the arterial embolism is the reduction of the high cholesterol level. Prevention from atherosclerosis can also reduce the danger of developing embolism.

Treatment
Arterial embolism is a very severe disease and it should be treated on time to keep away from the worse effects of it. If the clots are because of the thickened blood then blood thinning medications are also used. If it is not treated promptly, it can even result in death. The arterial embolism can be treated by surgery to remove the clot from the location.

Dietary Guidelines
  • The patient should avoid eating food rich in fats.
  • Avoid all kinds of food which can increase your level of cholesterol; control your cholesterol level.
  • Drink fresh fruit juices and other liquids to maintain the proper flow of blood in the body.
    Home Care Suggestions
    Active routine life can help to prevent from many diseases. Avoid sedentary life style.

    Mind/Body Considerations
    Take long walks and regular exercise should be apart of the daily routine.

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